Who Is Clara Bow, Taylor Swift's Inspiration for 'The Tortured Poets Department'?

Clara Bow, the original "It girl" of the 1920s, is the latest Old Hollywood figure to serve as a source of inspiration for Taylor Swift. For her eleventh studio album, The Tortured Poets Department, Swift named a song after the popular silent film actress, who rose to stardom just a few short years after her debut. Known as the first sex symbol of the Flapper Era, Bow starred in several box-office hits, including an early Oscar-winning movie, and faced intense tabloid scrutiny during her whirlwind career, which ended in early retirement.

Now that TTPD has finally arrived, read on to learn more about the late actress, including any possible connections she has to Swift and what Bow's living relatives think of the musical tribute.

She received her big break as a silent film actress after experiencing a rough childhood.

Clara Gordon Bow was born on July 29, 1905, in Brooklyn, New York, and was raised in a tenement slum by an abusive father and a violent, mentally ill mother. In an extensive 1928 interview with the magazine Photoplay, Bow recalled that she was often left taking care of her mother and the house while her mother suffered epileptic seizures and psychotic episodes.

As a teen, Bow fell in love with movies, and eventually entered a "Fame and Fortune" contest that helped launch her career. When Bow's mother learned that she wanted to be an actress, she told her daughter that she'd "rather see [her] dead." In 1922, the same year that Bow won her first acting role, she woke up in the night to her mother threatening to kill her with a butcher knife. Bow escaped, and her mother was institutionalized and later died in 1923.

After Bow's first role, in the 1922 film Beyond the Rainbow, the rookie actress took numerous jobs, filming 15 projects in 1925 alone. Per the BBC, she was known for her "big-eyed, baby-faced beauty" and for playing carefree, independent female characters. She also successfully made the transition from the silent-film era to the talking pictures; she starred in 57 movies total in her career, 11 of them talkies.

“She really came alive in front of the camera,” said Judith Mackrell, author of Flappers: Six Women of a Dangerous Generation. “When you watch her, you feel as if she’s doing something very spontaneous for you, so you’re having a relationship with her. That may be an illusion, but it’s a very powerful one.”

Her performance in the 1927 film 'It' inspired the term "It girl."

Among Bow's most famous movies (including 1925's The Plastic Age and 1927's Wings, the first movie to win the Oscar for Best Picture), Clarence G. Badger's 1927 silent film It cemented the actress's legacy. In the project, Bow starred as a quirky retail worker who wins the heart of the store's wealthy owner. The film coined the elusive quality of having "It," and offered multiple definitions, as the BBC explains: "At one point, the hero’s best buddy reads that 'the possessor of "IT" must be absolutely "un-self-conscious," and must have that magnetic "sex appeal" which is irresistible.'"

After the movie became a box office hit, countless fans began to know Bow via the moniker "It girl;" per the BBC, fan mail that was simply addressed to "Miss It, California" or "The It Girl" still somehow made it to her residence.

Biographer David Stenn, who wrote the biography Clara Bow: Running Wild, also described her appeal to The Washington Post, describing her as "the first American sex symbol."

“Her characters always had a career, and for a generation of women who had never seen anything like this before, it changed their lives. She felt real to people," he told the outlet, later adding, “Women wanted to be her, and men wanted to be with her. She had a warmth and vulnerability that was appealing to everyone.”

She faced intense public scrutiny for her personal and romantic life.

Despite her quick ascendance to fame, Bow's Hollywood career was ultimately cut short. In the late '20s, at the height of her career, Bow was the subject of countless tabloid stories, as the outlets published both salacious rumors and true details of her personal life, with a special focus on her many romantic affairs. While Hollywood stars were expected to be discreet about their dating lives, she "plunged into romance after romance," per the Chicago Tribune, and papers accused her of exhibitionism. Of course, that attitude toward famous women still persists in some form today.

"Today we'd call it slut-shaming," Stenn said, speaking to Today. "This idea of an independent strong woman still poses a threat to many people in our culture, especially when she is gifted and has immense talent."

The biggest blow to Bow's career and reputation came at the end of 1930, when she parted ways with her hairdresser-turned-personal-secretary Daisy De Voe. De Voe managed the actress's money and personal affairs, and, per Los Angeles Magazine, the secretary allegedly stole $16,000 (worth over $222,000 in today's money) from Bow, as well as some of her jewelry and personal correspondence. The court case against De Voe, which was closely followed by the media, was believed to take a toll on Bow; in May 1931, she was admitted to the Glendale Sanatorium, and she made her exit from Hollywood soon after.

Clara Bow retired from acting in 1933 at age 28, after completing her final film, Hoop-La. She and her husband, actor-politician named Rex Bell (whom she married in late 1931) retired to Nevada and lived on The Walking Box Ranch, where they raised two sons. Bow continued to struggle with her mental health in retirement; per the National Museum of American History, she attempted suicide in 1944 and sought psychiatric treatment a few years later, where she was diagnosed with schizophrenia. In 1950, she moved back to Hollywood alone, estranged from Bell (though they never divorced), and she lived a private life until her death in 1965.

Her great-granddaughters "couldn't believe" Swift named a song after her.

It turns out that Clara Bow's living relatives learned about the actress's Tortured Poets Department shout-out along with the rest of the world. After the 2024 Grammys, the actress's great-granddaughters, Nicole Sisneros and Brittany Grace Bell, told People that they were "stunned" by the tracklist announcement.

“We could not believe it,” Sisneros said. “We were shocked and then the intrigue set in because no one from our family has been contacted or knew about this prior. We found out via the Instagram post like everybody else... [During her Grammy speech Swift] said she was working on this the past two years so [we] just want to know what prompted it and where the connection is coming from."

Sisneros also revealed that she reached out to Swift’s team but has yet to hear anything back.

The track "Clara Bow" is a huge moment for Sisneros and Bell (who are the granddaughters of Bow’s son Rex Bell Jr.), who are both mothers and longtime Swifties. They told People that they hope the song honors the “perseverance” of the late actress.

“I hope [Taylor] conveys a positive image of Clara Bow, which I think she will,” Bell said. “I would imagine that Taylor uses this as a way to highlight her accomplishments, her accolades, her talent. They're both people that have really strong raw talent.”